Career path

The aptitudes that I believe are fundamental for achievement in school are acting naturally persuaded, having viable time the board and a solid devotion and resolution to need to succeed. The craving to succeed can just originate from you. There are individuals to help you en route, yet you are the main individual that can roll out an improvement for yourself and to improve things. Self-inspiration is the main factor in having an effective school understanding. When you have settled on a choice to assist your training you should understand that there will clashes throughout.Conflicts with work or family may emerge. In the event that you need self-inspiration, there is a chance you will dismiss what your objective is. There must be a harmony among school and different commitments. You are liable for finding that equalization to guarantee an effective school understanding and a cheerful individual or work life also. Viable time the executives is basic in school. There are ordinarily wh en tests and papers are expected simultaneously for each class. It is imperative to recognize what lies ahead in each class.A month to month schedule permits you to note up and coming due dates, midterm and last dates. It is useful to have a visual so you can anticipate a teeth to permit yourself sufficient time for each class. A few people might be acceptable at lingering yet when taking numerous classes, I don't think holding up until the last moment is successful. You settled on a choice to put away time and cash to enter school. You have an objective at the top of the priority list. So as to arrive at that objective you need a solid commitment and resolve to succeed. There will be knocks along the way.Each class will present new thoughts and duties; when those obligations strife with different duties, I think you need the resolve to push through it. You need the commitment to the girls and program you took a crack at. Keep the ultimate objective in sight. The aptitudes that I as of now have are acting naturally persuaded, having viable time the board and a solid devotion to being effective in school. I am a lifetime student. I appreciate going to my classes and what is included to succeed. Some portion of what causes me prevail in my classes is being viable with time management.I have figured out how to deal with a full time class burden, working and having a glad family. My last Job expected you to be incredible at performing various tasks. Performing multiple tasks is helpful when going to school and having a youthful family. I have figured out how to consider while my hillier are involved or snoozing. I likewise have my better half's help which is vital when going to class. So as to compose a paper or study for a test I will either go to the library, my folks' home or on occasion my significant other will take our kids some place, Just to give me the time I need.I don't figure you could prevail in school and in close to home life on the off chance that you don't have the commitment to class. I need to succeed and improve the life for my family. I am devoted in achieving my objective and I realize I will succeed. I have built up these abilities through experience. I moved on from secondary school in 999 and have been going to school since, taking breaks to begin my family. I have a partner degree as of now yet have for a long while been itching to seek after nursing. Since graduating with my partners degree, I have consistently participated time classes, while working all day and having a family.However, I settled on the choice to enlist full time and complete my degree. I have three youthful girls, all under six years of age. I realize that to better their lives I should get done with tutoring. I need them to see that an advanced education is something to endeavor and work toward. I need them to see my self-inspiration and my commitment, to just to them yet to class. Viable time the board is a need when bringing up my youngsters, being a companion and being an effective understudy. I have figured out how to adore my schedule. I compose everything down.I need to see lies ahead for my family and for school. One shortcoming that I have is being dedicated to such a large number of various things with my kids, all while I am attempting to complete school. I join to help with a great deal of their occasions and associations. I have to understand that I am just a single individual and can't do everything. I have to just pursue a select number of occasions and invest in those rather off smidgen to a great extent. I additionally have terrible test uneasiness. I am trusting that I can lighten the nervousness I get by permitting myself sufficient opportunity to read and get ready for tests.I likewise need to believe in myself to realize that I will prevail on the test. I attempt to go into each test with an inspirational disposition. I will be taking the TEAS test on 11/16/12. I have heard such a great amount of antago nism towards the test from peers that I attempt to remove myself from the cynicism. I realize that going into the test Friday that I have done all I had the option to do and anticipate seeing my outcomes. I have picked a nursing profession. Similar aptitudes recorded for a school experience are additionally required for a fruitful nursing career.In option to these, solid relational abilities and basic reasoning aptitudes are required. I have worked in the social insurance field for more than 10 years, so I have seen direct what abilities are required and as of now know about clinical wording and Anatomy and Physiology. This is just my first semester at Bryant and Stratton. I despite everything need to pass my TEAS and am anticipating being acknowledged in the nursing program. I might want to enhance my certainty. As a medical attendant you don't have the opportunity to re-think yourself. I have to understand that I know the appropriate response and stick to it.I additionally need to quit fearing disappointment. I have to set little objectives and as those are cultivated, praise them. This will cause my drawn out objective to appear not so out of sight reach. I recently expressed that I like to keep away from cynicism. I would prefer not to be encircled by antagonistic individuals or circumstances. This just cuts my certainty down. I likewise need to stay a functioning student. Regardless of whether this implies taking proceeding with training courses or perusing a wellbeing Journal identified with my field; I realize that this will build my certainty since I will be loaded with knowledge.In end, comprehend that the choice to enter school is an extraordinary choice. Devotion, time the executives, and the longing to succeed and assume liability for what should be are responsibilities that must be settled on after settling on the choice to take a crack at school. The methodology I took when composing this paper is following the diagram given and reacting to each address. The blueprint style was powerful for this paper since a rundown of abilities were required. I remembered to develop any aptitude since I had it in the layout design.

The Challenges of Financial Investment

Question: Clarify the difficulties of Financial Investment. Answer: The Challenge of Investing Today https://myassignmenthelp.com/mah_cms/transfers/image_2-1490080196.png are Creating broadened portfolio Taking appropriate purchasing and selling choices: Audit and rebalancing of the portfolio Picking stocks dependent on long haul objectives There are various alternatives that are accessible in the market. The money related items have expanded. It is significant that appropriate purchasing and selling of the stocks in the portfolio are made dependent on the diverse budgetary items. The particular difficulties thatare there in the present securities exchange that have immense impact and effect on the financial specialist choices are as per the following. The dynamism and vulnerability in the market has expanded. In the present situation the log jam in the market isnt sufficiently high to coordinate the expansion rate that is winning in the market. This is to state that in the hours of high swelling the loan fees were likewise high The unpredictability and the equivocalness in the budgetary markets has expanded. Further after the money related emergency in 2008 the administrative structure has made it progressively hard to deal with the speculation as effect of these guidelines should be thought of The financial specialist subsequently should concentrate on building up a portfolio that is enhanced. Further appropriate research is directed on the normal profit based for the apparatuses, for example, CAPM which is one of the most fundamental devices. Further it is significant that portfolio is very much enhanced with the goal that hazard could be overseen adequately Speculation Information The stock that has been chosen to be remembered for the portfolio, as appeared above, is Citigroup. The organization works in the money related administrations industry. It is one of the most established and biggest monetary specialist organizations in USA. This is one of the qualities of the organization as being in the business for so long and having noteworthy piece of the overall industry loans dependability to the matter of the organization. Further the money related industry is the foundation of any economy. After the money related emergency there was a destruction in the market. Anyway the strength of the economy is returning and the recuperation of the economy is upheld by solid money related help which is given by the monetary foundations. The organization additionally has nearness across different clients including buyers, partnerships, governments, and foundations around the world. The various administrations that are offered by Citigroup incorporate customary banking and business banking offering various administrations which incorporate corporate, institutional, open part, and high-total assets customers. This portion gives discount banking items and administrations, including fixed pay and value deals and exchanging, outside trade, prime business, subordinate administrations, value and fixed salary investigate, corporate loaning, venture banking and warning administrations, private banking, money the board, exchange account, and protections administrations. Considering the above conversation it tends to be said that the stock has been very steady having enormous development openings. Generally it is fitting to buy the stock as it will profit the portfolio in keeping up consistent development and simultaneously scaled down hazard as Citigroup has noteworthy piece of the pie with great business tasks to support the stock value development. In light of the current financial conditions and the solid business arrangement of Citigroup it might be useful for making interest in the stock. Portfolio Construction The table has been readied indicating the portfolio that has been created dependent on the accompanying rules One hundred portions of Citigroup Inc. USAA transient Corporate Bond USA High Income common reserve One hundred puts of United States Oil Fund (ETF) half year endorsement of store (CD) with the leftovercash Portfolio Citigroup USA High Income Mutual Fund USAA SHORT-TERM BOND US Oil Fund (ETF) Declaration of Deposit Complete Nos. 100 100 100 100 Cost $ 51.58 $ 8.45 $ 9.20 $ 17.73 Worth $ 5,158.00 $ 845.00 $ 920.00 $ 1,773.00 $ 1,304.00 $ 10,000.00 The objective of the above exercise is to build up a differentiated portfolio. The portfolio connoted above, comprises of both high development stable resource as Citigroup while the corporate securities that have been chosen are forceful with momentary perspective. Note that the Citigroup has been considered as a hold stock though the declaration of stores gives security as low return and hazard related with it. Huge speculation for example around 10% of the complete venture has been made in the CD. By and large the portfolio has the characteristics that are required. Hazard and Return In light of the article by Tuchman it tends to be said that the hazard and return have direct relationship. This is to state that as the arrival related with the specific venture expands the hazard related with such speculation would be high. Interest in single security opens the financial specialists to such dangers bringing about creation the speculation powerless. The article features three manners by which return in a venture can be amplified by limiting the hazard. Note that the hazard related with a speculation is connected to the instability in the stock cost. The three different ways that have been proposed lessen such unpredictability. These have been examined underneath Broadening: Investment in various portfolios differentiates the hazard related with single security. This is gainful similarly as with appropriate parity of protections in the portfolio the arrival can be kept up while the hazard related with the portfolios diminish essentially. Rebalance: In this the parity of the portfolio is kept up by selling or acquisition of the stock dependent on their capacity to create the arrival. Anyway it is significant that huge and visit changes may not be made to the portfolio as it will bring about short selling and the speculator won't have the option to exploit intensifying. Intensifying: This alludes t reinvestment of the income from the profits that have been produced. It is significant this might be considered as the venture made with long haul skyline. Financial specialists with transient point of view will in general make misfortune though over the long haul the speculators will in general increase more. Deciphering Beta The beta of Citigroup is 1.84. The beta means the degree of hazard and instability related with the stock. It implies the degree of hazard related with the stock can't be expanded. The two potential explanations behind such high estimation of beta of Citigroup are as per the following Right off the bat considering the size and the piece of the pie of the organization it tends to be said that the organization is having gigantic effect on the economy and too is affected by the adjustments in the economy. This is to state that a little change in the monetary conditions will have more prominent effect on the organization as the piece of the overall industry of the organization is high. Another significant factor that might be there for the high beta estimation of the organization is the worldwide business activities. The nearness of the organization in various global areas opens it to more prominent returns and dangers. The elements that add to the exhibition of the organization might be appropriate for different worldwide markets. In this manner specific components might be affecting an organization having it activities in USA just to a limited degree however will have more noteworthy effect on Citigroup because of its quality in numerous global markets. Figuring and Analyzing Portfolio Beta The portfolio Beta is determined by figuring the heaviness of every one of the part of the portfolio. This has been appeared in the underneath table Portfolio Citigroup USA High Income Mutual Fund USAA SHORT-TERM BOND US Oil Fund (ETF) Authentication of Deposit Beta 1.84 1.1 1.23 1.05 0.5 Weight 0.52 0.08 0.09 0.18 0.13 The beta of the portfolio is 1.41. It is critical that beta has been overseen and Monetary components impacting venture choices There are a few financial components that can affect the presentation of the security. These incorporate swelling, financing cost, charge, endowment, salary level and so forth. The two central point are the swelling rate and financing costs. In both the cases the speculation diminishes because of decreased requests of the assets. Another effect of expansion can be seen as for the arrival on the venture that has been made. This is to state that in the event that the arrival on the speculation is higher than the swelling rate, it would be helpful. In different cases the expansion rate might be higher than return on the venture that has been made, the arrival won't be there. Comparative is the situation with loan costs. On the off chance that higher loan fee is accommodated the reserve funds, the venture return won't be considered by the financial specialists. Simultaneously the expansion in loan fees will expand the expense related with the utilization of assets and in this way the interest will be affected. The speculators with fixed pay are affected most by the expansion in swelling and financing costs as the profit are affected with these variables. In this manner both these elements are deterrent to the financial specialists as expansion lessens the income though loan fees impacts the cost identified with borrowings and home loan intrigue installments. By and large venture is decreased if there should be an occurrence of increment in financing costs because of higher motivation for sparing as opposed to contributing. In the current case the interest in specific protections in the portfolio will diminish and simultaneously the stores will increment where the fixed returns are there given the arrival is higher than the swelling rate. Market Anomalies There are numerous hypotheses that endeavor to clarify securities exchange behavi

Black-Owned Publishers You Need to Know About

Black-Owned Publishers You Need to Know About Black-owned publishers and presses have long been a part of the American publishing industry.  The 1960s and 1970s especially saw a massive boom in black-owned publishers, with pressesâ€"both general and specializedâ€"springing up in cities across the country. Though many of these small, independent, black-owned publishing houses have since ceased to operate, some are still thriving today. Sadly, the demise of so many of these publishers is not surprising given the current state of US publishing.  In the past several years, there has been some important reporting about the lack of diversity in publishingâ€"not just the fact that authors of color often have to work harder to get published, but that the industry itself is overwhelming white (a fact illustrated starkly in this 2016 report). As one rioter eloquently discusses in a piece about her experience with publishing as a woman of color, the publishing industry is heavily biased toward white men. This is a symptom of white supremacy. While I cannot personally take on an entire industry, I can choose to use my limited book-buying budget to support black-owned publishers. Many of these small independent publishers not only publish quality literature by authors of color, but act as important community resources and repositories for vital stories and histories that are not valued fairly in mainstream publishing. Because books are one of the primary ways that I relate to and understand the world, I spend a lot of time thinking about how to actively embody racial justice in my life as a reader. Ive recently started thinking critically not only about what books Im reading, but about where and how I purchase books. I now actively seek out and buy books from  publishers and bookstores that are owned by people of color. Buying books by black-owned publishers is not a solution to the many problems this country faces. But with a president who refuses to condemn white supremacists and Nazis, it is one small way, as a reader, that I choose to fight back against a racist system. Here are five black-owned publishers currently operating in the US, offering you everything from poetry and childrens books to academic texts: Africa World Press The Red Sea Press Kassahun Checole, a native of Eritrea who immigrated to upstate New York in the 1970s, founded Africa World Press The Red Sea Press in 1983. Their mission is to provide high quality literature on the history, culture, politics of Africa and the African Diaspora. A quick browse through their online bookstore shows a vast array of subjects and genres, including fiction, nonfiction, and childrens literature. The Red Sea Press is also a distributor of books of over 250 publishing companies, specializing in books by and about people of African decent and the African Diaspora. Black Classic Press Bein A Strong Black Woman Can Get You Killed by Laini Mataka, published by Black Classic Press Black Classic Press was founded by W. Paul Coates in Baltimore in 1978. Their electric offerings include poetry and literature, academic works, memoir, and biography. Many of their titles are also available as ebooks. Black Classic Press is devoted to publishing obscure and significant works by and about people of African descent. We specialize in republishing works that are out of print and quite often out of memory. We began publishing because we wanted to extend the memory of what we believe are important books that have helped in meaningful ways to shape the Black diasporic experience and our understanding of the world. Broadside Lotus Press Broadside Lotus Press is the current incarnation of two black-owned publishers: Broadside Press, founded by Dudley Randall in 1965, and Lotus Press, founded by  Naomi Long Madgett in 1972. Both founded by poets, Lotus and Broadside primarily published poetry by black writers. The two presses merged in 2015, and Broadside Lotus Press is now a non-profit whose mission includes community engagement and as well as publishing. The primary mission of Broadside Lotus Press in the 21st century is to provide processes, structures and literature to engender and support a literate, politically conscious, socially responsible community capable of giving clear voice to the reality, experiences, needs and struggles of humanity. RedBone Press Lisa C. Moore founded RedBone Press in 1997 to address a dearth of black lesbian voices in lesbian feminist publishing. Since its inception, RedBone Press has expanded to include works by black gay men. Many titles, including RedBones first offering,  does your mama know? An Anthology of Black Lesbian Coming Out Stories  have won Lambda Literary Awards. Based out of DC, RedBones titles include poetry, fiction, essays, plays and several anthologies of black queer writing. RedBone Press publishes work celebrating the cultures of black lesbians and gay men, and work that further promotes understanding between black gays and lesbians and the black mainstream. Im particularly excited about this press because, despite much progress (thanks to the work of generations of activists), there is still a troubling lack of representation of queer people of color in mainstream LGBTQ stories. I just bought Erzulies Skirt  by Ana-Maurine Lara and In The Life  edited by Joseph Beam, and I cant wait to dive into them! Third World Press Haki R. Madhubuti founded Third World Press Foundation in 1967, making it one of the oldest black-owned publishers still operating today.  Their diverse offerings range from poetry and fiction to history, literary criticism, and books for children and young adults. Third World Press Foundation provides quality literature that primarily focuses on issues, themes, and critique related to an African American public. The Third World Press Foundation mission is to make this literature accessible to as many individuals as possible including our targeted market of primarily African American readers. Third World Press founder Haki R. Madhubuti (photo credit Lynda Koolish) Cool note: 2017 marks Third World Press Foundations 50th anniversary. Theyre having a week-long celebration in Chicago in October, and the program looks incredibleâ€"speakers include Sonia Sanchez, Ta-Nehisi Coates, Cornel West, and Nikki Giovani, among many others. Many of the events are free or very affordableâ€"if you live in Chicago, definitely put it on your calendar! (More information on their website.)

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Anorexia Nervosa - 1186 Words

Brandy is a 21-year-old from Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. She is the oldest of four children and her parents have been married for the past twenty-two years. After suffering for the past seven years in silence, Brandy has finally sought out treatment for bulimia nervosa. Brandy is a textbook case of a patient suffering from bulimia. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) diagnostic criteria includes: Persisting binge eating episodes, reoccurring behaviors to prevent weight gain, both harmful purging behaviors and binge eating episodes occurring at least once a week for a minimum for three months, evaluating oneself solely or predominantly influenced by one’s body shape and weight, and finally the patient must not exhibit the aforementioned symptoms during an episode of anorexia nervosa. Her difficulty with her weight started in high school with binge eating. Soon after starting to binge eat, she starting p urging by forcing herself to puke. The roots of her disorder is in her persistent stress and anxiety as a result of her trying to strive to success. As Brandy got into Oklahoma State University, she lost control of her disorder. She no longer had any normal eating habits. She is becoming quite miserable with herself, despite appearing to be thriving in everything she attempts at Oklahoma State. Her disorder has caused her to become susceptible to social pressures of thinness. She has finally soughtShow MoreRelatedSymptoms, Causes, And Treatments For Anorexia Nervosa2622 Words   |  11 Pages Anorexia Nervosa Natasha Schwartz Concordia University Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explain the symptoms, causes, and treatments for Anorexia Nervosa. Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder found in the DSM-5. Anorexia is classified by: a restriction of energy intake leading to significantly low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight, and denial or disturbance of ones low body weight. Anorexia nervosa is considered a psychiatric illness that presents severeRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa- Eating Disorder1685 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of anorexia are mostly seen on the outside of the victim’s body, but do not be fooled. This detrimental eating disorder affects one’s mind just as much as it would the body. What Anorexia does to the mind is that it distorts the way one views their body. Victims of anorexia become fixated on their body image and overly critical about their flaws and weight. Even being obviously underweight, Anorexics will continuously deny that they have a problem and continue with their fatal practi ces.Read MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa1493 Words   |  6 Pages408 Hernandez Illness Paper – Anorexia Nervosa February 28, 2016 According to the Mayo Clinic (2016), eating disorders are â€Å"conditions related to persistent eating behaviors that negatively impact your health, your emotions, and your ability to function in important areas of life.† One such eating disorder is anorexia nervosa. Not to be confused with anorexia, which is simply a general loss of appetite that can be attributed to many medical ailments, anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorderRead MoreBulimia Nervosa and Anorexia Nervosa Essay997 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders are extremely harmful and rising in prevalence. . The two most common eating disorders are Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. In this essay, I will compare and contrast these two disorders. This essay will also assess the symptoms, causes, health affects and the most prevalent characteristics of people diagnosed with these two eating disorders. â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa is characterized by self-starvation to avoid obesity. People with this disorder believe they are overweight, evenRead MoreIn A Society Where So Much Emphasis Is Placed On The Way1361 Words   |  6 Pagesare possible. Anorexia Nervosa, also known as anorexia, involves intense emotions and abnormal behaviors that typically revolves around food and weight and out of all the psychiatric conditions, it has the highest death rate (Anorexia nervosa; Anorexia: Signs, Symptoms, Causes Treatment Help.). According to Smith and Segal (2017), Anorexia nervosa can be defined as a serious eating disorder that results in unhealthy, often dangerous weight loss. Although anorexia nervosa is more commonRead MoreTaking a Look at Eating Disorders1708 Words   |  7 Pagesmental as well as physical health. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are the most common types. Others are binge eating disorder and eating disorder not otherwise specified. Classification: †¢ Anorexia nervosa (AN), †¢ Bulimia nervosa (BN), †¢ Eating disorders not otherwise specified †¢ Binge eating disorder (BED) or compulsive overeating, †¢ Pica The two most common types, Anorexia nervosa and Bulimia nervosa are described below: Anorexia Nervosa: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disorderRead MoreAnorexia Nervos A Serious Physical And Emotional Illness Essay1521 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction What is anorexia? According to Merriam-Webster, anorexia is defined as, â€Å"A serious physical and emotional illness in which an abnormal fear of being fat leads to very poor eating habits and dangerous weight loss† (Anorexia, Merriam-Webster). Or in other words, those who suffer from anorexia have a fear of being fat, so they consume little to no food. Anorexia is also linked to the anorexia nervosa, which is an illness that can potentially be a life threatening eating disorder causedRead MoreThe Dangerous Effects of Eating Disorders1100 Words   |  5 Pagesthat you eat and how much you weigh, you often focus on little else (http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/eating-disorders/basics/definition/con-20033575 ). There are three main types of eating disorders. Anorexia nervosa is the fear of gaining weight. If you have bulimia nervosa, you eat large amounts very quickly, and then you purge. Lastly, binge eating is where you feel out of control and you eat, and eat, and eat, and you cannot stop. Eating disorders can cause serious physical problemsRead MoreAnorexia Nervos Causes And Symptoms1178 Words   |  5 PagesAnorexia Nervosa is an eating disordering that could be life threatening which reduces the appetite and causes reluctant of eating. This is a disease which is known to be caused by environmental, biological and psychological factors. An individual who has anorexia usually would be seen to have a distort body image and a fear of becoming over weight. Schoemaker. C (2004) suggests that â€Å"350 individuals of every million suffer Anorexia Nervosa at the age of 11 to 15.†1 This demonstrates that there isRead MoreEating Disorders And The Modern Era1481 Words   |  6 Pages that the illness has on an individual. The DSM-5 has found the â€Å"anorexia nervosa is a mental and physical disease that was recognized in France in the 19th century, usurped for England by Queen Victoria’s physician and subsequently adopted by many thousands of Americans† (7). Many other countries have adopted the same disorder such as, North America, Europe, Australia, Singapore and New Zealand (Beamont, 2006, P. 1). Anorexia nervosa disorder is caused by an individual not liking their appearance

Effectiveness of Online Advertising - 6110 Words

PROJECT STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF ONLINE ADVERTISING [pic][pic] Submitted By Aashima Malik ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to take this opportunity to thank all the people who have helped me in the fulfillment of this project study. First and foremost I would like to extend my sincere thanks to Mr. Nitin Mantri, my mentor, whose guidance and supervision helped me fulfill my individual research paper. His contribution has been immeasurable. I would also like to thank my friends who were extremely supportive throughout this period – I cannot thank everyone enough. MENTOR’S INTERFACE I, Nitin Mantri, certify that Aashima Malik, student of Advertising Public Relations 2009-2010 has completed her Individual Research paper on†¦show more content†¦Online advertising as a medium is emerging and holds a promising future for brands to build consumer relationships as these advertisements act as a reminder as well as a channel of sales. Online Advertising provides brands with the opportunity to exist alongside their competition and yet be relevant. Presently BFSI and IT sectors are the major investors in online advertising as their target audience (corporate) is present online most of the time. So, internet acts as a medium of influencing the target consumer as well as a channel of sales for them. But FMCG sectors are also catching up. Because of the advent of social networking sites like Facebook, Orkut and Twitter, it has become easier for FMCG brands to advertise online as these advertisements act as a reminder for the consumers and directs the interested con sumers to the main sites. This helps them in building their brand image as well as the consumer database as it gives them the opportunity to interact with the consumers and get feedback. The most important feature of Online Advertising is that is measurable i.e. consumer reactions can be monitored. This feature of online advertising makes it an efficient medium for advertising as results can be easily monitored. The major limitation to this medium is the low broadband penetration in the country and although the internet user base is on a rise but the ratio when compared to the total population is very low. Thus, Online Advertising isShow MoreRelatedThe Advantages Of Online Advertising1312 Words   |  6 Pages3.1 Advantages of Online Advertisement Better Targeting Targeting campaigns to a specific audience utilizing zip code, city, age or demographics ensures campaigns only reach highly qualified recipients. (Heindl, 2008) Achieve Specific Campaign Goals Online advertising enable advertisers to achieve specific campaign goals more strategically than traditional media. Advertisers can weigh creative by best performing, limit daily impressions through frequency caps and have better reach control byRead MorePros And Cons Of Online Advertising Critique1126 Words   |  5 PagesOnline Advertising Critique Introduction Online advertising campaign is a new way of product promotion with the development of Internet technology. The main purposes of the online campaign are always for the product promotion and brand marketing. Creative is the most important factor in the advertisement that used to express information. Based on the Ford advertising, the article will attempt to analyze the pros and cons of advertising content. In the first part, the article will analyze the advertisingRead MoreWhy Are Print Advertising Obsolete? Essay1290 Words   |  6 PagesWhy is print advertising obsolete? Nowadays, people get so many different types of advertisement such as a print advertisement, TV, and the Internet from companies. 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This study randomly assigns participants in to eight groups. The study finds out that interactive advertising has greater communication effectiveness, tie strength is critical for the effect of advertising on consumers’ attitude, and also advertising literacy has a negative influence on advertising effectiveness. 43. SzmiginRead MoreDigital Marketing : The Utilization Of Electronic Media Essay1423 Words   |  6 Pagespresented. This study has described various forms of digital marketing, effectiveness of it and the impact it has on firm’s sales. The examined sample consists of one hundred fifty firms and fifty executives which have been randomly selected to prove the effectiveness of digital marketing. Collected data has been analyzed with the help of various statistical tools and techniques. Keywords: Digital Marketing, Promotion, Effectiveness, Customer Reach 1. 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This can indicate that one of their main methods of selling properties is through the use of the internet. 2. How would you rate the current system of marketing houses? (Appendix 2) The employees were askedRead MoreEffectiveness Of Digital Marketing For Marketers And Consumers1450 Words   |  6 PagesEFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL MARKETING STRATIGIES SONIA DARA Assistant Professor , Department of commerce, Khalsa College For Women, Civil Lines Ludhiana, Punjab, India E-mail- darasonia27@yahoo.in ABSTRACT Marketers are faced with new challenges and opportunities within this digital age. Digital marketing drives the creation of demand using the power of the internet, and satisfies this demand in new and innovative ways. In other words Digital marketing is the utilization of electronic

Student Working During the School Year Free Essays

Research has shown that the number of students who decide to work during the school year is increasing every year. Students who try to combine their studies with working life can be affected in different ways. There are many reasons why high school students should not have part-time jobs. We will write a custom essay sample on Student Working During the School Year or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of the most important are premature exposure to older adults, losing academic focus, and developing a taste for money early. The first reason why high school students should not work is that they will be early exposed to older adults. When teenagers interact with adults in working environment, they can be manipulated because older adults are people with more experiences about life. Older adults often have lives and more complicated backgrounds, so they do not have the same interests and activities, that these teenagers have. As a result, older adults can influence adolescents negatively. For instance, these teenagers can be encouraged to use drugs or alcohol, have sexual lives early or solve problems with violence. All these factors can produce physical and mental changes and affect the teenagers goals. Besides, premature exposure to older adults, working students can also lose academic focus. When teenagers work, they do not have enough time to handle their school responsibilities because they often feel tired and fatigued. This situation can affect concentration and memory, which are essential parts of school performance. Therefore, students can fail their classes, get low GPAs or drop out of school entirely. Some parents encourage their children to work to appreciate the value of money. It is true that children need to learn how they can manage money wisely. However, teenagers need to be encouraged to study because they should be aware that education is very important to achieve success. Teenagers need to be motivated to appreciate more the permanent value of education than the fleeting value of money, Because nowadays many companies require workers with high GPAs, adolescents need to focus on their studies early. If they achieve appropriate school performance, they will have more opportunities to get better jobs with good salaries in the future. In conclusion, high school students should not have part-time jobs in order to avoid premature exposure to adults, losing academic focus, and developing a taste for money early.If teenagers worry about their education, they will have one of the best tools to achieve success. How to cite Student Working During the School Year, Papers

Comparison in Higher Education Systems of UK and Kazakhstan

Question: Describe the comparison in higher education systems of UK and Kazakhstan. Answer: The teaching learning system of any country isgenerally started from the basic schooling, typically starts from kindergarten to the high school programs. The development status and the way of thinking of any generation mainly depend upon the education system of that country. It mainly depends on some factors which are regulations, policies, laws, management, community endowment, resource allotment, school amenities, book education resources and many other issues. The UK is one of a developed country where the teaching is a significant part during the whole life. In the UK, education is obligatory and free of cost from the age of 5 to 16. There are 5 critical stages of teaching here, which can be classified as premature stage (kindergarten), primary and secondary education, then advance education and last the higher education (The Headmasters' Headmistresses' Conference, 2016). But, on the contrary Kazakhstan is a besieged nation where sovereignty and egalitarianism has been rigid to resist. Russians contribute to 34.8% of its population and Kazakhstans education system of is also being prejudiced by the system of Russia. Basic education is mandatory for every student between the ages of 6-15 years. Kindergarten schooling is accessible for free of the cost to all the Kazahs students, whereas its not consent to contribute their Ist year of mandatory primary education. The UK system of higher tutoring includes Graduate, post-graduate and other undergraduate courses. The undergraduate courses are the principal courses, post which the PG courses arrive into the picture including higher degrees, master specialization and doctorate along with Diplomas. Other under-graduate includes NVQ, National Vocational Qualifications and SVQ, Scottisch Vocational Qualification and a HND, Higher National Diploma which is level 5 education and Higher National Certificate (HNC) which is known as Level-4 educations. They are preferred by students as they proffer the elasticity to get occupation while studying. Annamari Ylonen concluded in one of the research which states that Student Ambassador Scheme assists the students ahead multifaceted skills which are transportable, besides money making (Tasbulatova, 2012). In fact, they feel it highly worthwhile, while in case of Kazakhstan, higher or tertiary education focuses on several bachelor-programs, masters and further doctorate studies. Differences in the opinions of educational pattern result to the various ways of education management structure, but the wider evolution curve of UK systems implies that they intended to develop a better education system (Hansen Vignoles, 2008). The British tuition-fees are possibly the utmost amongst of all other fees and charges. The organization for the Economic Cooperation Development data discovered the same in contrast to various colleges of the US. Although, the student normally pays 19 % of the country overheads on their education during the higher studies. 57%-60% is being paid by the communal sector and the employer generally pays around 27%-30%, which is moderately less in the country. It leads a gigantic drop in the no. of part-time aspirants as per Sutton Trust. The Govt. is engaged by different ways to persuade the university who give the impression of earning better and teaching, by permitting higher fees and on the contrary, functioning on the loan repayment proposal for the PG students till 60%. Even subsequent to such a capable managing finance system, the country has very less natives in higher education than average OECD data. Mr. Schleicher suggested further participation of the business in UK which would be probably helpful for other countries, whereas the employers are part of the countrys education/learning system rather than the consumers. Above all, it has been evidently noticed that Education plays an important role in organizing the people for their jobs with bare minimum investment (Kazakhstan Education , 2016). On contrast, the Kazakhs educational system is very unique, as in the citizens may benefit higher teaching as non- biased competition. The Govt. distributes a budget yearly which covers the superiority students rely on the national programs which consists of thestudents who are enforced on the labor markets, others or people who select other specific careers have to fund on their own. The state funding is increasing sustainably. As per state education programs in the year 2015, the Govt. would be able to develop the endowment levels per capita which may proves to be effective. All the colleges engaged in providing the higher education would probably raise their funds through paid-services system, loan, sponsors, charity aid and grants etc. Other than the education grant method, the Kazakhs students acquire an improvement from few other measures like incentives, scholarships by public and private institutions and education institutes which is mainly dependent on their scores. Quality: Students of UK is attaining exceptional Grade in the higher education structure, i.e. 20% students get Ist and nearly 51% upper IInd grade in year 2014. This data is almost 70% higher as compared to the data five years back. As per Ms Dandridge, it is the accomplishment of enhancing the funding systems and graduate contributions that the students are operating hard enough these days (Coughlan, 2014). Though, the dropping no. of the part-time students is a real matter of worry, regardless of the several years of warning. A vital rethink has been call-out by the Secretary-General, various institutions and universitys unions. The problems which are in focus are to serve the a huge no. of people for those getting higher-education is exorbitant and out of pocket, decreasing no. of international students because of anti-migration language and modifications in the visa rules (Burns, 2015). Steps are taken by the Kazakh Education System for enhancing the excellence and eminence in terms of serving better quality-education are By setting appropriate education standards. Govt. based agency and committees are accountable for the amendable quality of the higher-education system and then subsequently report the same to the Ministry of Education systems. Some of the actions consist of the verification of the resources, licensing and examining conformity, and then the peripheral assessment tasks of learning.In fact, there are individual and autonomous accredited agencies plays a vital and key responsibility in managing the quality-education by hauling out a separate and sovereign evaluation with the said benchmarking, carrying internal audits and through self-scrutiny tool. Key-Challenges in the Education systems: UKs holds a worldwide headship and direction, which are the key factors for the fulfillment and contentment between the students. Though, the students of other countries such as the US and Canada are apparently getting benefit in terms of growth faster than the students of UK. The higher-education system of UK is typically impacted in case of the international students because of visa-policies and growing antagonism (O'Malley, 2015). The Kazakhs system is aimed to enhance the right to use of the education-system, which may possibly enhance the educationalmobility of the teachers and students via adoption of the analogous degree structures. The Govt. has also launched a new system in the midst of Higher Education for facilitating the better quality of higher-education system. Yet, Kazakhstans education system is faces issues in terms of outcome-based, economy and employers, stumpy modest research activities, the less- effective and further complicated quality system Conclusion: The report reflects that both countries, UK and Kazakh have been facing all the assorted stages in case of emerging their respective education-systems. UK is leading in provisions of delivering reasonably spare elastic and proscribed education system having steady improvements and substantiation of few conditional practices which is turning ahead and towards attainment of best worlds class goodwill, but still associated with numerous problems in their education-system. On the contrary, Kazakh is in process of creating their better educational-system and continuously demanding agencies and Govt. departments for building higher education-systems to be further available, regardless of of the funds factors. Bibliography Burns, J., 2015. Record numbers graduate with first-class degrees. Record numbers graduate with first-class degrees, 15 Janaury, Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/education-30830918 Coughlan, S., 2014. UK 'second best education in Europe'. UK 'second best education in Europe', 08 May, Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-27314075 Hansen, K. Vignoles, A., 2008. The United Kingdom Education System in Comparative Context, Available at: https://www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/library-media%5Cdocuments%5CThe%20UK%20Education%20System%20An%20International%20Perspective.pdf Kazakhstan Education , 2016. International information centre of the republic of Kazakhstan. [Online] Available at: https://www.kazakhstanlive.com/5en.aspx?sr=1 O'Malley, B., 2015. UK leads on international student satisfaction Study. UK leads on international student satisfaction Study, 09 December, Available at: https://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20151209142515567 Tasbulatova, S., 2012. Highr education in Kazakhstan: EACEA, Available at: https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/tempus/participating_countries/overview/Kazakhstan.pdf The Headmasters' Headmistresses' Conference, 2016. The British Education System. The British Education System.

Comets Essays (2385 words) - Comets, Minor Planets,

Comets The first written records of comets date back to nearly 3,000 years ago from China and Europe. The accounts of these comets were believed to be the causes of terrible events that occurred afterwards. In more recent times, however, astronomers have found out what they really are. A comet is basically a mixture of ices, from both water and frozen gases, and dust. They have also been given the names ?dirty snowballs? or ?icy mud balls.? The typical comet is less than 10 kilometers across. They spend most of their time frozen solid in the outer parts of our solar system. Comets are composed of five parts: the nucleus, coma, hydrogen cloud, dust tail, and ion tail. The nucleus is pretty solid and stable, composed mostly of ice and gas with a small amount of dust and other solids. The surface of the nucleus is best described as a black crust. Comet nuclei can range from 1 kilometer to about 50 kilometers across. The black crust on the surface of the nuclei helps the comet to absorb heat, which causes some of the ices under the crust to turn to a gas. Pressure builds up underneath the crust and causes the surface to bubble up in some places. Eventually, the weak spots of the crust break open from the pressure, and the gas shoots outward; astronomers refer this to as a jet. Dust that had been mixed in with the gas is also pushed out, and as more jets appear, a small gas and dust shell forms around the nucleus, and this is called the coma. The coma, also called the head, is a dense cloud of water, carbon dioxide and other gases and comes off of the nucleus. They can be several thousand kilometers in diameter, depending on the comet's distance from the sun and the size of the nucleus. The size of the nucleus is important because since large nuclei have a greater surface area facing the sun, which is the side that is the warmest, hence the side where most of the jets are coming from, it means more jets and greater amounts of gas and dust go into the coma. Even though the coma can get to be very large, its size can actually decrease about the time it crosses the orbit of Mars. At this distance the particles that drift out from the sun act as a powerful wind which blows the gas and dust particles away from the nucleus and coma. This is the process, which mak es the comet's tail. The hydrogen cloud is very large at millions of kilometers in diameter. But it is only a very sparse body of neutral hydrogen. It was discovered from spectroscopy that was carried out by satellites in 1970. Hydrogen was discovered in comets Tago-Sato-Kosaka and Bennett. It is ionized hydrogen that forms the light that goes past the coma. The reason why the hydrogen cloud was not discovered for a long time is because it is not visible from Earth. Atomic hydrogen emits in the ultraviolet, but the ozone layer stops the waves from entering. The hydrogen cloud can only be observed from space, with satellites. The dust tail is usually up to 10 million kilometers long, and is composed of smoke-sized dust particles that come off the nucleus by escaping gases. The dust tail is also the most visible part of a comet to the naked eye. The tail has a potential to be long when it enters the orbit of Earth. The record for the longest tail is the length of the Great Comet of 1843; its tail extended more than 250 million kilometers. The ion tail, known as type I or plasma, is made up of ions. It can be up to 100 million kilometers long and 100,000 kilometers wide. The tail is straight and always is oppo sed to the direction of the Sun. The color of it, through a spectrum, is mostly blue. The reason why the tail is ionized is because of solar wind. Solar wind, which flows at about 400 kilometers per second, is filled with charged particles that are around the solar magnetic field. The gases in the tail are ionized

Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis)

Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) Emerald ash borer (EAB), a native beetle of Asia, invaded North America in the 1990s by way of wooden packing material. In a decades time, these pests killed tens of millions of trees throughout the Great Lakes region. Get to know this pest, so you can sound the alarm if it makes its way to your neck o the woods. Description: The adult emerald ash borer is a striking metallic green, with an iridescent purple abdomen hidden beneath the forewings. This elongate beetle reaches about 15 mm in length and just over 3 mm in width. Look for adults from June to August, when they fly in search of mates. Creamy white larvae reach lengths of 32 mm at maturity. The prothorax nearly obscures its tiny, brown head. EAB pupae also appear creamy white. The eggs are white at first, but turn deep red as they develop. To identify emerald ash borer, you should learn to recognize the signs of an infestation. Unfortunately, symptoms of emerald ash borer dont become obvious until two or more years after borers enter a tree. D-shaped exit holes, just 1/8 in diameter, mark the emergence of adults. Split bark and foliage dieback may also portend pest trouble. Just under the bark, S-shaped larval galleries will confirm the presence of EAB. Classification: Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass – InsectaOrder – ColeopteraFamily - BuprestidaeGenus - AgrilusSpecies - planipennis Diet: Emerald ash borer larvae feed only on ash trees. Specifically, EAB feeds on the vascular tissues between the bark and sapwood, a habit that interrupts the flow of nutrients and water required by the tree. Life Cycle: All beetles, including the emerald ash borer, undergo complete metamorphosis. Egg – Emerald ash borers lay eggs singly, in crevices in the bark of host trees. A single female can lay up to 90 eggs. Eggs hatch within 7-9 days.Larva – Larvae tunnel through the trees sapwood, feeding on the phloem. Emerald ash borers overwinter in the larval form, sometimes for two seasons.Pupa – Pupation occurs in mid-spring, just under the bark or phloem.Adult – After emerging, adults remain within the tunnel until their exoskeletons properly harden. Special Adaptations and Defenses: The emerald ash borers green color acts as camouflage within the forest foliage. The adults fly quickly, fleeing from danger when needed. Most buprestids can produce a bitter chemical, buprestin, to deter predators. Habitat: Emerald ash borer requires only their host plant, ash trees (Fraxinus spp.). Range: Emerald ash borers native range includes parts of China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, as well as small areas of Russia and Mongolia. As an invasive pest, EAB now lives in Ontario, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Maryland, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Missouri, and Virginia. Other Common Names: EAB

Health Administarion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Health Administarion - Essay Example Identifying ones intentions in a way to ensure â€Å"what one has to say goes along with what one wants to accomplish in the communication plan† (Booher, 2007; p.11). After this, one should identify the message addressees. When the audience is known, it becomes a little easier when planning a communication plan this is because different audiences require different messages. The next thing to consider is the message, where one should check on the content in regard to the audience, the ambiance one wants to create for the audience, the language which should match that of the audience and lastly the channel to be used in the communication which should be placed where the audience is likely to come across it (Booher, 2007; p.19). A good communication plan will take into consideration the resources to be used which should be reasonable. If one is going to spend money or any other form of resource, one should ensure that the plan will be worth the expense. The fifth thing is that one must always be ready for any mistake that should occur which could cost in plan for effective communication (Booher 31). What follows is the creation of media representatives to help in conveying the messages. Of importance is also preparation of a plan of action that entails spreading of the message. The last thing to do is to gauge the plan so that one can make changes as they arise. In this way miscommunication will be

Cultural Tourism as It Developed from the Time of the Grand Tour Essay

Cultural Tourism as It Developed from the Time of the Grand Tour - Essay Example Technology has been an important aspect of modern travel, the trains, planes, and automobiles that transport the traveller from one place to another an important part of facilitating travel. Cultural tourism has developed through the interest that has developed about certain areas of the world in which local offerings through culture, education, or merely through fun have supported an economic advantage to grow around a specific set of areas of interest. The Grand Tour The concept of the ‘Grand Tour’ was based upon 16th and 17th century educational tours that emerged in England and Ireland after the Reformation when Catholic pilgrimages were no longer possible under the new structures of religion that had become the Church of England. Britain is one of the first countries to establish a culture which can be observed for practices of tourism (Williams By the 18th century the travel experiences were referred to as the ‘Grand Tour’, a phrase that was first seen in a travel guide published in 1679 by Richard Lassel titled An Italian Voyage. The ‘Grand Tour’ lasted for several years, allowing for the beginnings of a career to take shape so that the traveller would begin to develop a world view from the experiences of the travel plan. This concept was a part of the education of English aristocratic culture. The result of the tours was a literary body of work in the form of travel guides that provided a framework of discovery for those who would follow on these types of travel experiences (Katz1998, p. 253-254). The Grand Tour was primarily a pursuit of the English, which was an experience that provides a contextual relationship to the beginnings of the modern period in the 18th century (Roberts 1998, p. 31). Travel in previous contexts had been based upon the unknown, explorations that would result in economic and cultural advantages that could include military and ambassadorial advantages for political purposes. Travel also occ urred for the purposes of relocation, but travel for the idea of educational experience and as a part of an extended leisure activity emerged during the time of the growth of travel guides and the emergence of a middle class that had the time and the means to pursue travel simply for the pursuit of experience (Roberts 1998, p. 31). As the middle class began to take on the ‘Grand Tour’, the educational purpose of the tour began to diminish. During the 1780s a shift in the purpose for the tour began to become noticeable as the purpose of leisure began to emerge. According to Richards (1996, p. 12) â€Å"The spatial pattern of the Grand Tour also changed , from the ‘Classical Grand Tour’ which concentrated on the culture of the ancient classical world and the Renaissance, to the ‘Romantic Grand Tour’ with more attention devoted to romantic views of urban and rural scenery†. The shift can be representative of an elite middle class that was b ored with educational based experiences and began to search for distractions that were less cerebral, looking for exotic and imaginative experimentation (Richards 1996, p. 12). The Geography of Travel Travel requires the element of geography, the search for interesting and foreign locals based upon the idea that there is a starting point and a destination. Holden

Relationship among Organizational Citizenship Behaviours

Relationship among Organizational Citizenship Behaviours Abstract Organizational citizenship behaviour is an important factor that aggregate promotes the effective functioning of the organization (Organ, 1988). And the job satisfaction is defined to be a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experiences (Locke, 1976). Researches have been done to measure the relationship between the job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviours. Some results show there are relationship between job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviours while some argue there are little relationship between this two factors. The aim of this paper is to find out the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviours and measure whether other factors such as age and service length by using the questionnaire to collect data. Introduction In recent years a number of studies have expanded the understanding of organizational citizenship behaviour within the workplace. Organizational citizenship behaviour refers to individual behaviours that are discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system, and that in the aggregate promotes the effective functioning of the organization(Organ, 1988). In the early 1980s, the term organizational citizenship behaviors was created to depict extra-role those behaviors previously described by Katz (Smith et al., 1983). Katz maintained that organizational citizenship behaviors are vital to organizational survival and effectiveness. He also provided several examples of important extra-role behaviors, among them are actions that protect the organization and its property, constructive suggestions for improving the organization, self-training for additional responsibility, creating a favorable climate for the organization in its surrounding environments, and coop erative activities (Katz, 1964). Katz and Kahn (1966) suggested that organizational citizenship behaviors were spontaneous and innovative. Moorman and Blakely (1995) pointed out that organizational citizenship behaviours were beneficial and desirable from an organizational perspective, however, the behaviours were difficult to be increased through contractual arrangements or formal rewards. Bolon (1997) emphasized that organizational citizenship behaviours were not enforceable requirements of the role or the job descriptions, which were the clearly specifiable terms of the persons employment contract with the organization. The behaviors were matters of personal choices. The omission was not generally understood as punishable. Organ (1990) pointed out that the definition did not necessarily imply that organizational citizenship behaviours were limited only to those behaviours, which were lacking in tangible return to the person who performs such behaviours. He also maintained that a continual demonstration of organizational citizenship behaviours over time may influence the impression of coworkers or supervisors who develop concerning a particular employee. The impression could play an important role in future reward considerations, such as a salary increase or a promotion. Organizational citizenship behaviours have been linked to many work-related factors, for example, it has been associated with organizational commitment (Bolon, 1997), and transformational leader behaviours (Podsakoff et al., 1990). Studies have found that organizational citizenship behaviour is associated with job satisfaction (eg. Bolon, 1997). Job satisfaction has been gaining steady attention. Job satisfaction could be defined as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experiences (Locke, 1976). The term job satisfaction was first coined by Hoppock in 1935. He defined it as the satisfactory feeling on both psychological and physical sides of the employees about the working conditions. It is the subjective responses of subordinates to work situations. Porter (1973) suggested that the extent of job satisfaction was the difference between the one who really acquires from work and the one who believed that he should acquire from work. A common view among managers is that satisfied employees were more productive than dissatisfied employees. Robbins (2001) suggested that job satisfaction was not only a general attitude toward ones job, but also the differences between the amount of reward workers received and the amount they believe they should receive. In addition, he presented that the term of job satisfaction refers to an individuals general attitude toward his or her job. A person with a high level of job satisfaction holds positive attitudes toward the job, while a person who is dissatisfied with his or her job holds negative attitudes about the job. As a psychological need and a factor to well being, job satisfaction is believed to have an environmental and genetic component (Arvey et al., 1989). There are several different variables, which are related to job satisfaction, such as cultural values, transformational leader behaviours and organizational commitment (Kirkman and Shapiro, 2001; Podsakoff et al., 1990; Feather and Rauter, 2004). There has increasing attention to the possible relationship between job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviour. Transformational leaders are those who broaden and elevate the interests of their followers, generate awareness and commitment of individuals to the purpose and mission of the group, and they enable subordinates to transcend their own self-interests for the betterment of the group (Seltzer et al., 1989). Transformational leadership is one of the groups of models describing leadership as an influencing social interaction or process. The process refers to one or a group of individuals which influence the behaviour of other people in an organizational setting for the purpose of achieving or accomplishing organizational objectives (Yukl, 2002). Transformational leadership behaviours raise the consciousness of followers about what is important, move followers to transcend the self-interest for the good of the organization, and raise their concerns for higher level needs on Maslows hierarchy (Bass, 1999). Studies have found that transformational leadership behaviours were positively assoc iated with followers job satisfaction, and transformational leaders could increase followers job satisfaction motivated their followers (Podsakoff et al., 1990; Morrison et al., 1997) There is substantial support for the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors. Bateman and Organ (1983) found a significant relationship between general measures of job satisfaction and supervisory ratings of citizenship behavior. Schappe (1998) also suggested that cross-lagged patterns of the relationships between organizational citizenship behaviours and specific facets of job satisfaction revealed essentially the same results as overall satisfaction. Smith, Organ, and Near (1983) identified two separate dimensions of OCB: altruism and generalized compliance. Altruism refers to behaviours aimed at helping specific people directly and intentionally. Generalized compliance refers to a more impersonal type of conscientious behavior that does not provide immediate aid to a particular individual but is indirectly helpful to other people in the organization. Job satisfaction could be a major determinant of an employees organizational citizenship behavior. A satisfied employee seems more likely to talk positively about the organization, help others, and go beyond the normal expectations in their job. Moreover, satisfied employees might be more prone to go beyond the call of duty because they want to reciprocate their positive experiences. Organ suggested that the empirically supported relationship between job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviours could be described as a reflecting relationship between perceptions of fairness and organizational citizenship behaviours. On the other hand, he also suggested that the cognitive component of job satisfaction appears to be related to orgaizational citizenship behaviours probably reflects the influence of perceptions. However, some studies argued there are no association between job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviours, which were considered to be related to other variables, such as transformational leadership behaviours (Podsakoff et al., 1990) and personality (Organ and Lingl, 1995). Other studies show that there is a positive relationship between job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviours (e.g. Chiu and Chen, 2005; Foote and Tang, 2008). Researchers suggested that job satisfaction could be a mediating variable between organizational citizenship behaviour and other variables, such as job characteristics and team commitment (Chiu and Chen, 2005; Foote and Tang, 2008). Studies show that both job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviour are associated to organizational outcomes significantly (Koys, 2001). Job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviour could thus be important variables for both employees and organizations. Methodological differences Methodological differences could explain differences between studies. Most of the earlier studies were based on samples from America and Australia, and almost all participants were employees in industrial companies. There is little focus on people with a higher education level, for example academics. The relation of job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviour could be different among academics, because of the high education level and features of academic work. The purpose of the study was to investigate and get a better understanding of the relationship between organizational citizenship behaviour and job satisfaction. In order to guide the investigation, the following specific questions were formulated: 1.What is the relationship between organizational citizenship behaviour and job satisfaction? 2.Are age, gender and length of service related to job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviours? The hypotheses of this study are: H0: There is no significant correlation between organizational citizenship behaviours and job satisfacton. H1: There is a significant correlation between organizational citizenship behaviours and job satisfaction. Methods Survey questionnaires were administered to staff of Department of Human Sciences in Loughborough University. Both academic staff and support staff were invited in this study. Participants were invited to participate in this study by e-mail. The e-mail outlined the survey details, such as the research proposal and the type of questionnaires. Volunteers read the study information and filled in the informed consent, using tick boxes to agree to consent before completing the questionnaire. Data collection was based on an online questionnaire system (Surveymonkey.com). The system provided a completely anonymity system. Participants filled the online questionnaire in directly to enable anonymity and confidentially. Data were collected automatically by the survey system. Of the 61 total personnel involved in such teams, 32 participated in the study. Of the respondents, 62.5 percent were female. Further, the mean age of participants was 45 years. The mean length of service was 11.5 years. Measures Organizational citizenship behaviours. To measure organizational citizenship behaviours, a 13 items five-point Likert scale (from 1= strongly disagree to 5= strongly agree) was using (Smith et al., 1983). The 13 items questionnaire assesses citizenship behaviours and gestures through items such as I am willing to help others who are not able to work, I am willing to volunteer to give orientation and guidance to new members who join our team and I make innovative and good suggestions which help to improve the department. The instrument has two sub scales, which measure altruism and generalized compliance. Altruism refers to behaviours aimed at helping specific people directly and intentionally (e.g. giving orientation to new members, assisting others with a heavy work load). Generalized compliance refers to a more impersonal type of conscientious behavior that does not provide immediate aid to a particular individual but is indirectly helpful to other people in the organization (e.g. punctuality). In the study by Smith et al. (1983) the coefficient alpha reliability estimates were .91 for Altruism and .81 for Generalized compliance. Job satisfaction. To measure job satisfaction, a 5 items five-point Likert scale (from 1= strongly disagree to 5= strongly agree) was using (Hackman and Oldham, 1975). There are The 5 items questionnaire assesses job satisfaction through items such as Generally speaking, I am very satisfied with this job and I frequently think of quitting this job (reverse items). In the study by Hackman and Oldham (1975), the coefficient alpha reliability estimates were .74. Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed in order to provide an answer to the research questions and test the hypotheses. To test the hypotheses and assess the correlation between organizational citizenship behaviours and job satisfacton, Pearson correlation analysis was preformed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16.0. Discussion The statistical analysis results show that there are relation between job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviours, while either age and length of service do not influence job satisfaction or organizational citizenship behaviours. However, some researchers have found that there is no relationship between organizational citizenship behaviours and job satisfaction (e.g. Podsakoff et al., 1990; Organ and Lingl, 1995), while other studies reported significant correlation between the two variables (e.g. Bateman and Organ, 1983; Schappe, 1998). A possible reason might be because the features of samples are different. As personal choices rather than duties, organizational citizenship behaviours could be influenced by culture, education level and organizational commitment. One limitation of this study is the response rate. In this study, the valid response rate is about 50 present. Moreover, the sample size is relatively small. Another possible problem is that people who have higher organizational citizenship behaviours levels are more likely to participate the study than people who have low levels organizational citizenship behaviours. In addition, one limitation of the study is that university staff need to do more individual duties rather than co-operations. For this reason, the results of the study may not be suitable for organizations which need more co-operations, for instances, customer services companies or manufacturing industry Future studies In this study, the sample size is relatively small. The larger the sample size, the more sensitive the research in exploring the relationships of the variables. Subsequent studies could cover more samples. In this study, the questionnaire of organizational citizenship behaviours were answered directly by the employees, which was not appraised by their supervisors or co-workers. For this reason, the self-reported data may be inflated. Therefore, subsequent researchers may improve the design of surveys to avoid the bias Conclusion As the data gathered from Loughborough University Human Science department suggest that there are significant relationship between job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior while there seems no correlation between the job satisfaction and the stuffs age and service length. This conclusion may only apply to those workers who engage in more personal works and a different result could be expected when using workers whose duty includes more co-operation with others.

John Adams and His Roles as President Essay

John Adams was one of the leaders in the fight for American Independence. He was born on October 30, 1735. His presidency began in 1976 through 1800 and was the second president of the United States, after winning the election against Alexander Hamilton. Upon winning the election he became the Chief of State. His most notable accomplishment, as President, was to avoid a war with France, while maintaining American honor. In our opinion he did a good job of this however he was not greatly supported by the Americans at the time. John Adams was not a very popular president of his time. Being the president, and Chief Executive, Adams was allowed to choose his own cabinet. He replaced Washington’s cabinet which consisted of Edmund Randolph, Alexander Hamilton, Henry Knox, and William Bradford. Timothy Pickering of Massachusetts was appointed the secretary of state, Oliver Welcott of Connecticut became the secretary of treasury, James McHenry of Maryland became the secretary of war, and Charles Lee of Virginia was appointed the attorney general. It’s obvious that George Washington had a much better cabinet than Adams did. John Adam’s cabinet was not nearly as sharp or as intelligent as the one of Washington. Obviously, Mr. Adams did not do too good of a job on choosing his colleagues. Another role that John Adams endured was the role as Chief Administrator. In today’s modern world the president would be in charge of agencies such as the CIA and the FBI. In Adam’s days these agencies did not exist. Nonetheless he was still in charge of keeping the government functions running as smoothly as possible. As a believer in centralized government, he helped strengthen the Federal government. As Chief Diplomat, John Adams ran into the biggest problem in foreign policy. The French were attacking American shipping. He sent three representatives to France to try to work out differences between the French and the US government. His emissaries were met by three French representatives demanding a bribe. This became known as the â€Å"XYZ† affair. Infuriated by the absurd 250,000 bribe of the French agents Adams began to prepare for war. He first asked for a provisional army. He also asked for the officers to be commissioned and for recruiting to begin. However, he did not call for an establishment of a large, professional army. Throughout the two years that the possibility of a war had existed, Adams had made it clear to everyone that he put he put his faith in a strong navy. As commander-in-chief he decided he did not want to use the army as an instrument for defense. Adams believed that the only way France could be brought around to treat with American envoys on an even basis is if it was made clear that the Americans were prepared to fight and that they would not submit to any further humiliation. He wanted France to see that the Americans were not backing down and that they were not afraid to go to war with the nation of France. After the â€Å"XYZ affair† John Adams acted on his role as chief legislature. He responded with The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798. They were designed to crush the conflict. After two years John Adams decided it would be best to reopen negotiations because war with France was not in the best interest of the United States. He signed a peace treaty with France and thereof is accredited with bringing peace between the U.S. and France. Yet another role of the president is to be Chief of Party. We believe that John Adams was a failure in leading his political party as the end of the Federalists came about because of his presidency. During Adams’ presidency, the Federalist party split up. This happened because of how much John Adams and Alexander Hamilton disliked each other. Hamilton didn’t want Adams to be re-elected, and so he critized his performance as a President. Undoubtedly, Adams lost his re-election and Thomas Jefferson, the leader of the Democratic-Republican party, won office. After Adams retirement, and Hamilton’s unfortunate death, the Federalist Party was left without strong leader and steadily grew weaker and weaker. John Adams was not a bad president. However, because of society’s selfish and impatient needs, he was made out to be the enemy. Americans blamed John  Adams for being scared to go to war, but in reality, it’s a lot easier to go to war than it is to keep peace. It’s also quite difficult to go against the majority of ones colleagues who continually pressure you to act. John Adams may not have been the greatest president because of his ambition. However, he was a much better president and showed exemplary qualities as a chief citizen than what he was given credit for. He was a brave and honorable man who gave up re-election by not going to war. It shows real honor when you can give up your own selfish needs for the good of your country. John Adams was a much better president than he was given credit for.

Manage Personal Work Priorities and Professional Development

Student Name: Malik Daniyal Student id: STD02067 Project title: Manage personal work priorities and professional development Introduction:- In this project I m going to describe all about my future and recent planning and my goals and objectives. In which comes my dream , my futures goal , what I have to do for achieving my goal , how I can be successful and how I can fulfilled my and my family future dream. And what steps I have to take and which steps are not good for my future and how I should move step by step toward my destination.Where I am now and for achieving my goal what qualities I have and what I have to get and have to achieve. A Reflection Paper is a formal written presentation of a critical reflection about a specific issue. A reflection paper is truly a paper from the heart. To write one, I will be recounting, or reflecting upon, experiences I have had during a specific event. If I was an intern, it would be a paper about how I enjoyed it and what I learned.Explanatio n in Detail :- Q: what makes a good role model and how would I ensure that I acted as a role model for employees I supervise? A good role model is someone who can make positive choices on his or her own. They are a person that people especially young kids can look up to in hopes to follow in their footsteps. They do not have to be famous but as a whole, they need to live a life that allows people to want to achieve goals and try to do the right things.I think mentors should be role models, BUT a role model who hasn't forgotten where s/he came from, how s/he got to where s/he is now and always looking back to see if s/he can help those that came from the very same place and positive role model should be encouraging and must have ability to recognised the qualities of employees working under his/her and a positive role model should show his/her technical ability and time management skills as well. Q: what are the traits of an effective leader ? do I have these traits? How would I deve lop these traits? As a leader, I know how to identify each of my team member’s strongest skills and assets.Because you don’t expect each person on the team to excel in every area, you also know that it’s important to create a diverse group of people who balance and complement one another. Similarly, leaders have their own unique skills and specializations. Effective leaders often possess the following five traits :- 1. Focused:- To lead a team to success, leaders must possess an extraordinary amount of focus. It’s important to eliminate distractions from the work area. While leaders are often pulled in numerous directions simultaneously, they must be able to retain clear minds and focus on the things that matter. 2. Passionate:-It’s possible to teach someone to be a leader, but truly effective leaders are already passionate about what they do. Their enthusiasm and level of commitment can inspire our team members and motivate them to do better work. 3. Assertive:- As a leader, he have requirements for his team and goals that must be fulfilled. When team members aren’t meeting expectations, a leader must feel comfortable being assertive. Assertive leaders are firm and bold, unafraid to go after what they want. Such a level of certainty and confidence will serve both you and your team well as you tackle larger challenges and go after new goals. . Decisive:- Leaders are often called on to make big decisions, so it’s also important for us to be decisive. And Of course a decisive leader should never be confused with an impulsive one. A decisive leader carefully weighs the potential effects of each option and chooses the opportunity that works best for his or her team. To be decisive, you must also feel comfortable taking responsibility for the results of your choice. 5. Empowering:- Supporting my team is one of the best ways to encourage members to perform well. Empower each individual by making it clear that you trus t his or her judgment.Give people the authority they need to do their jobs well and show them an appropriate level of respect. Everyone have a good and effective role model and I have as well my teacher , he was a part time teacher now he is a professional IT manager , so I do learn most of the things from study and mostly from searching mostly from my teacher. Q: How would I ensure that my work goal and plan reflect the organisation’s goal and plans? The organization’s plans and goals are. Then I can assess whether your personal work plan is in line with the companies.I need to feel that yours and there’s harmonious and parallel and heading in the same direction for the successful at attaining the â€Å"big picture. My family is my role model as well, they have dream for me, which I have. They all want see me successful in the business and I m student in Australia and I am international student and my family send me here because Australia is the best country f or business study and for my aim study alot and have to give time every one and I have already planned everything for future till now to end and for achieving my goal have to go forward step by step.My family, my parents, sibling, friends all have same wish to see me to become businessman. They are important for me and my adjective, dream and wishes also so I give time every one, they all time stay in touch with me so they have much problem with to feel lonely for me. The things I have to do step by steps are given below:- I need some requirements to complete which are:- First in one year I will complete my * Diploma (1 year) * Bachelors (3 years) * Masters (1 year) * Internship (1 year) * Work in a company hen I will do bachelor in computer science, than I will do masters and then I will do internship and during internship will learn about my abilities, will learn about how to maintain work and life and will get experience and then I will work for some company and for that I will c omplete above mention things and then I will start work and work as a worker, or something after some time period will work as supervisor than as a manager and by working will get experience and will be able to do my own business. Q: How would I ensure that I meet my job responsibilities?While working I will get a lot of responsibilities and I will do my best and will do my work honestly and my main and common responsibility is to work hard and satisfy clients and customers and cooperative with all team members and others staff. Q: What is my personal learning style and how would I ensure that I took advantage of learning opportunities? Learning style is the way in which a person processes new information. Knowing my learning style can help me to make choices in the way you focus on and study new material. Below are fifteen statements that will help you assess your learning style.After reading each statement, rate you response to the statement using the scale below. Some types of le arning skill mostly every one fallow/use given below:- Types of Learning Styles Types of Learning Styles: The Three Main Types There are three main types of learning styles: auditory, visual, and kinaesthetic. Most people learn best through a combination of the three types of learning styles, but everybody is different. Auditory Learners: Hear Auditory learners would rather listen to things being explained than read about them.Reciting information out loud and having music in the background may be a common study method. Other noises may become a distraction resulting in a need for a relatively quiet place. Visual Learners: See Visual learners learn best by looking at graphics, watching a demonstration, or reading. For them, it’s easy to look at charts and graphs, but they may have difficulty focusing while listening to an explanation. Kinesthetic Learners: Touch Kinesthetic learners process information best through a â€Å"hands-on† experience. Actually doing an activi ty can be the easiest way for them to learn.Sitting still while studying may be difficult, but writing things down makes it easier to understand. By internship my knowledge will be increased and I will know to work and how to manage things and I will also learn new technologies such as all computer courses like coral draw, advertising , will learn new techniques new development and will learn all things bye peoples by visiting different companies by my teachers by roles models and this new things will help me in my work and I will gain a lot of work by this and my skill will be good and then while work my work progress ill be good and because of my performance I can get good pay , good job easy job, good feedback from company and customers , clients etc. and by doing practice will gain new skills , will make new things new software’s new ideas will generate and its will be good for my business. Mostly I use visual and auditory way to learn, I see and hear and learn by listeni ng and looking others. Q: How would I priorities work? I will give 45% time to work ad 30% to family and 15% to friends and 10% to myself.By dividing time and giving time to every one my life will not be disturb and nothing will go wrong, no one will have problem with me, and Managing work priorities and professional development requires me to be a positive role model; have good traits; ensure my work goals and plans reflect the organisation’s; meet my job responsibilities; maintain my personal performance; priorities my work; use technology to organize and manage my work; maintain a work-life balance; meet required competency standards; determine my developmental needs; take advantage of my learning opportunities; use feedback to improve my competence; use networks to increase my knowledge and develop relationships, and ensure that I acquire new skills to maintain my competitive edge. A good role model is someone who others can look up to and admire. They take leadership on the issues they believe in, influence the decisions of others and guide their actions.To ensure that I acted as a positive role model for my employees and everyone within the workplace, I will need to demonstrate the following steps: Firstly, I will have to set out a good example and present myself as to how I want others to present themselves. Everything I do from the way I dress to the way I speak will be imitated and emulated by others. If I am always late, then my staff will always be late. This is because I have already approved this behavior through my own actions. Thus, if I want my employees to be punctual then I need to go to work on time, if not earlier, so they can learn to do the same. The second step is to know the requirements of my staff as well as my own.As the supervisor, I am expected to know what I am doing. If I don’t know anything about the job then I am unable to teach my employees or guide them in the right direction. Thirdly, I will have to act consist ently with my work in order to avoid any confusion and frustration in the workplace. This means following the same standards I have set, not a different one each day. Q: How would I measure and maintain my personal performance? Besides an office at work, keep a personal office at home†¦ with privacy†¦ keep a work journal to reflect and observe problem areas, work toward being at the job you want to be at. , if that isn't possible, endure and do your part.Q: How would I use technology to organize and manage work? I use my cell phone to meet my priorities and commitments. I get all the information’s about meetings on my phone or in email or by txt or by call and it’s a quick and easy way and I also get my job alerts on my cell phone. Q: How would I ensure that I maintain a work / life balance? I use technology to manage my priorities and in commitments and I think the usage of the technology would be useful because this I use in my daily life and it’s ve ry helpful , and savage of time and also help in my college task and working task etc. Q: How would I determine my developmental needs? Development needs can be challenging.Often, I find myself looking at what training courses are available and deciding which of those would be most helpful. In fact, it is better to try and identify what the development need is and then to work out ways of meeting that need, which may or may not be a training course. Annual Review is a great opportunity to discuss your development needs with your line manager. I may be able to discuss the changing requirements of your role, as well as my personal development aspirations (for example, career development). It is important that I have considered my development needs before my Annual Review meeting as this will enable you to make the most of my discussion.Q: How would I gather feedback from other about my personal performance and how would I see this feedback to improve my competence? When I will work ve ry hard and by honestly so every onw will be happy with my work and they will give positive feedback and my all the workmates and my boss , all the staff and customers and clients etc they will give positive feedback for my work for managing time and work performance so I will be encourage and will do more hard work and feel good to do more hard work. Q: How would I use networks to increase my knowledge, gain new skills and develop relationship? Networking and informational interviewing are essential tools in the career exploration and job/internship search.Loosely defined, networking is a process of developing informal contacts and building relationships that provide you with knowledge, advice, information, and further contacts – all of which may allow me to tap into unadvertised opportunities. Informational interviewing is part of the networking process and is a way to strengthen my network. Both networking and informational interviewing include elements of the following: * Contacting people I know (and do not know) in order to find information about an industry, organization, or job/internship. * Asking individuals whom I contact for further relevant contacts in order to build your network. * Building relationships with people who can help the progress of your career exploration or internship/job search. Networking and informational interviewing work because they are proactive and driven by my initiative.Although there are many ways to find information about careers, jobs, and internships, speaking with people who are currently working in your field of interest provides you with the opportunity to engage in a substantive dialogue that other resources do not afford. Networking and informational interviewing allow me to get my questions answered and put you in touch with individuals who can give me ‘insider information’ on vacancies, industry or organizational culture, required skills, etc. All the people I know and the people they know as part of your existing network, which may include: * Relatives (and their friends) * Former employers * Friends (and their relatives) * Neighbours and community members * Alumni Professors and Advising Deans * Student organizations Q: How would I ensure that I acquired new skills to maintain my competitive edge? Today's work place is very competitive. I will need to have a variety of skills that will give me the competitive edge you need to succeed. To be competitive in today's work place you must be able to: * Listen Well:  Good  listening skills  make memore productive, help me to get along better with others, and allow me to work better in a team-based environment. * Know How to Use a Computer:  No matter what your job is, it's likely I will need to use a computer. It's important to make sure your  computer skills  are up-to-date. Write Effectively:  Whether your job requires to write short memos or lengthy reports, I must be able to communicate well in writing. * D eal With Crises at Work  Being able to  solve problems  quickly and seamlessly can set apart from others. * Manage Your Time:  Learning how to  manage your time effectively  will allow me to complete projects in a timely fashion. Conclusion :- From now it will take more than five years to achieve my goal. And my goal is to become a businessman in IT profession and for this I m going to follow three steps, completing my studies , gaining knowledge and experience and work in any company. References :- http://www. antiessays. com/free-essays/288895. html http://careerplanning. about. com/od/workplacesurvival/a/competitive. htm